using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
#if NET20_OR_GREATER
using System.Management;
#endif
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using Vanara.Extensions.Reflection;
using Vanara.InteropServices;
using Vanara.IO;
using Vanara.PInvoke;
using Vanara.Security;
using Vanara.Security.AccessControl;
using static Vanara.PInvoke.AdvApi32;
using static Vanara.PInvoke.Kernel32;
namespace Vanara.Extensions
{
/// Extension methods for for privileges, status, elevation and relationships.
public static partial class ProcessExtension
{
/// Disables a specified system privilege on a process.
/// The process on which to disable the privilege.
/// The privilege to disable.
public static void DisablePrivilege(this Process process, SystemPrivilege privilege)
{
using var hObj = SafeHTOKEN.FromProcess(process, TokenAccess.TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TokenAccess.TOKEN_QUERY);
hObj.AdjustPrivilege(privilege, PrivilegeAttributes.SE_PRIVILEGE_DISABLED);
}
/// Enables a specified system privilege on a process.
/// The process on which to enable the privilege.
/// The privilege to enable.
public static void EnablePrivilege(this Process process, SystemPrivilege privilege)
{
using var hObj = SafeHTOKEN.FromProcess(process, TokenAccess.TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TokenAccess.TOKEN_QUERY);
hObj.AdjustPrivilege(privilege, PrivilegeAttributes.SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED);
}
#if NET35_OR_GREATER
/// Gets the child processes.
/// The process.
/// if set to true include descendants of child processes as well.
/// A reference for enumerating child processes.
public static IEnumerable GetChildProcesses(this Process p, bool includeDescendants = false)
{
if (p == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(p));
var l = new List>();
var scope = p.MachineName == "." ? new ManagementScope() : new ManagementScope($"\\\\{p.MachineName}\\root\\cimv2");
using (var mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher(scope, new ObjectQuery("select ProcessId, ParentProcessId from win32_process")))
{
foreach (var obj in mos.Get().Cast())
l.Add(new Tuple(Convert.ToInt32(obj["ProcessId"]), Convert.ToInt32(obj["ParentProcessId"])));
}
return GetChildProcesses(p.Id, l.GroupBy(i => i.Item2).ToDictionary(g => g.Key, g => g.ToList()), p.MachineName, includeDescendants);
}
#endif
/// Retrieves the name of the executable file in device form for the specified process.
/// The process.
///
/// The path in device form, rather than drive letters. For example, the file name C:\Windows\System32\Ctype.nls would look as
/// follows in device form:
/// \Device\Harddisk0\Partition1\Windows\System32\Ctype.nls
///
public static string GetImageDevicePath(this Process process)
{
var sb = new StringBuilder(2048);
GetProcessImageFileName(process, sb, (uint)sb.Capacity);
return sb.ToString();
}
/// Retrieves the full name of the executable image for the specified process.
/// The process.
/// The path to the executable image.
public static string GetImageFilePath(this Process process)
{
var sz = 2048U;
var sb = new StringBuilder((int)sz);
QueryFullProcessImageName(process, PROCESS_NAME.PROCESS_NAME_WIN32, sb, ref sz);
return sb.ToString();
}
/// Retrieves information about the specified process using either NtQueryInformationProcess or GetProcessInformation.
/// The type of information to retrieve.
///
/// A handle to the process. This handle must have the PROCESS_SET_INFORMATION access right. For more information, see Process
/// Security and Access Rights.
///
/// An object containing the requested type of information.
/// Type mismatch.
public static T GetInformation(this Process process) where T : struct
{
if (CorrespondingTypeAttribute.CanGet(out var pic))
return NtDll.NtQueryInformationProcess(process, pic);
return GetProcessInformation(process);
}
///
/// The function gets the integrity level of the current process. Integrity level is only available on Windows Vista and newer operating systems, thus
/// GetProcessIntegrityLevel throws an exception if it is called on systems prior to Windows Vista.
///
/// Returns the integrity level of the current process.
///
/// When any native Windows API call fails, the function throws a Win32Exception with the last error code.
///
/// must be a valid .
public static MANDATORY_LEVEL GetIntegrityLevel(this Process p)
{
if (p == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(p));
// Open the access token of the current process with TOKEN_QUERY.
using var hObject = SafeHTOKEN.FromProcess(p, TokenAccess.TOKEN_QUERY | TokenAccess.TOKEN_DUPLICATE);
return ((HTOKEN)hObject).GetIntegrityLevel();
}
/// Retrieves the fully qualified path of the executable file of the process.
/// The process.
/// The fully qualified path of the executable file of the process.
public static string GetModuleName(this Process process)
{
var sb = new StringBuilder(2048);
GetModuleFileNameEx(process, default, sb, (uint)sb.Capacity);
return sb.ToString();
}
#if NET20_OR_GREATER
///
/// Gets the parent process.
///
/// A object for the process that called the specified process. null if no parent can be established.
/// must be a valid .
public static Process GetParentProcess(this Process p)
{
if (p == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(p));
try
{
using var mo = new ManagementObject($"win32_process.handle='{p.Id}'");
mo.Get();
return Process.GetProcessById(Convert.ToInt32(mo["ParentProcessId"]), p.MachineName);
}
catch { }
return null;
}
#endif
/// Gets a pointer to a PEB structure.
/// The process.
/// The PEB structure.
public static IntPtr GetPebAddress(this Process process) =>
NtDll.NtQueryInformationProcess(process, NtDll.PROCESSINFOCLASS.ProcessBasicInformation).Value.PebBaseAddress;
/// Gets the privileges for this process.
/// The process.
///
/// An enumeration of instances that include the process privileges and their associated attributes (enabled,
/// disabled, removed, etc.).
///
public static IEnumerable GetPrivileges(this Process process)
{
using var hObj = SafeHTOKEN.FromProcess(process, TokenAccess.TOKEN_QUERY | TokenAccess.TOKEN_DUPLICATE);
return hObj.GetPrivileges().Select(la => new PrivilegeAndAttributes(la.Luid.GetPrivilege(process.MachineName), la.Attributes));
}
/// Retrieves timing information for the specified process.
/// The process.
/// A structure containing timing information for the process.
public static NtDll.KERNEL_USER_TIMES GetTimeInfo(this Process process) =>
NtDll.NtQueryInformationProcess(process, NtDll.PROCESSINFOCLASS.ProcessTimes);
/// Determines whether the specified privilege is had by the process.
/// The process.
/// The privilege.
/// true if the process has the specified privilege; otherwise, false.
public static bool HasPrivilege(this Process process, SystemPrivilege priv) => HasPrivileges(process, true, priv);
/// Determines whether the specified privileges are had by the process.
/// The process.
/// if set to true require all privileges to be enabled in order to return true.
/// The privileges to check.
/// true if the process has the specified privilege; otherwise, false.
public static bool HasPrivileges(this Process process, bool requireAll, params SystemPrivilege[] privs)
{
using var hObj = SafeHTOKEN.FromProcess(process, TokenAccess.TOKEN_QUERY | TokenAccess.TOKEN_DUPLICATE);
return hObj.HasPrivileges(requireAll, privs);
}
/// Determines whether the specified process is running under WOW64.
///
/// The process. The handle must have the PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION or PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION access right.
///
///
/// TRUE if the process is running under WOW64. If the process is running under 32-bit Windows, the value is set to FALSE. If the
/// process is a 64-bit application running under 64-bit Windows, the value is also set to FALSE.
///
public static bool Is64Bit(this Process process) => Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem && process.IsWow64();
///
/// The function gets the elevation information of the current process. It dictates whether the process is elevated or not. Token elevation is only
/// available on Windows Vista and newer operating systems, thus IsProcessElevated throws a C++ exception if it is called on systems prior to Windows
/// Vista. It is not appropriate to use this function to determine whether a process is run as administrator.
///
/// Returns true if the process is elevated. Returns false if it is not.
///
/// When any native Windows API call fails, the function throws a Win32Exception with the last error code.
///
/// must be a valid .
///
/// TOKEN_INFORMATION_CLASS provides TokenElevationType to check the elevation type (TokenElevationTypeDefault / TokenElevationTypeLimited /
/// TokenElevationTypeFull) of the process. It is different from TokenElevation in that, when UAC is turned off, elevation type always returns
/// TokenElevationTypeDefault even though the process is elevated (Integrity Level == High). In other words, it is not safe to say if the process is
/// elevated based on elevation type. Instead, we should use TokenElevation.
///
public static bool IsElevated(this Process p)
{
if (p == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(p));
try
{
// Open the access token of the current process with TOKEN_QUERY.
using var hObject = SafeHTOKEN.FromProcess(p, TokenAccess.TOKEN_QUERY | TokenAccess.TOKEN_DUPLICATE);
return hObject.IsElevated;
}
catch { }
return false;
}
/// Determines whether the process is running within a job object.
///
///
/// The process to be tested. The handle must have the PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION or PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION access right.
///
/// Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP: The handle must have the PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION access right.
///
/// if the process is running in a job, and otherwise.
public static bool IsInJob(this Process p) => IsProcessInJob(p, HJOB.NULL, out var res) ? res : throw Win32Error.GetLastError().GetException();
///
/// The function checks whether the primary access token of the process belongs to user account that is a member of the local Administrators group,
/// even if it currently is not elevated.
///
/// The process to check.
///
/// Returns true if the primary access token of the process belongs to user account that is a member of the local Administrators group. Returns false
/// if the token does not.
///
public static bool IsRunningAsAdmin(this Process proc) => UAC.IsRunningAsAdmin(proc);
/// Determines whether the specified process is running under WOW64.
///
/// The process. The handle must have the PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION or PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION access right.
///
///
/// TRUE if the process is running under WOW64. If the process is running under 32-bit Windows, the value is set to FALSE. If the
/// process is a 64-bit application running under 64-bit Windows, the value is also set to FALSE.
///
public static bool IsWow64(this Process process) => IsWow64Process(process, out var result) && result;
///
/// Reads data from an area of memory in a specified process. The entire area to be read must be accessible or the operation fails.
///
/// The type of the structure to read.
///
/// A handle to the process with memory that is being read. The handle must have PROCESS_VM_READ access to the process.
///
///
/// A pointer to the base address in the specified process from which to read. Before any data transfer occurs, the system verifies
/// that all data in the base address and memory of the specified size is accessible for read access, and if it is not accessible
/// the function fails.
///
/// A value of with the contents from the address space of the specified process.
public static T ReadMemory(this Process process, IntPtr baseAddress) where T : struct
{
using var mem = new SafeCoTaskMemStruct();
SizeT req = ReadToMem(process, baseAddress, mem);
return mem.Value;
}
///
/// Reads data from an area of memory in a specified process. The entire area to be read must be accessible or the operation fails.
///
///
/// A handle to the process with memory that is being read. The handle must have PROCESS_VM_READ access to the process.
///
///
/// A pointer to the base address in the specified process from which to read. Before any data transfer occurs, the system verifies
/// that all data in the base address and memory of the specified size is accessible for read access, and if it is not accessible
/// the function fails.
///
/// The number of bytes to be read from the specified process.
/// A buffer with the contents from the address space of the specified process.
public static byte[] ReadMemory(this Process process, IntPtr baseAddress, SizeT size)
{
using var mem = new SafeCoTaskMemHandle(size);
SizeT req = ReadToMem(process, baseAddress, mem);
return mem.GetBytes(0, req);
}
/// Removes a specified system privilege from a process.
/// The process from which to remove the privilege.
/// The privilege to remove.
public static void RemovePrivilege(this Process process, SystemPrivilege privilege)
{
using var hObj = SafeHTOKEN.FromProcess(process, TokenAccess.TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TokenAccess.TOKEN_QUERY);
hObj.AdjustPrivilege(privilege, PrivilegeAttributes.SE_PRIVILEGE_REMOVED);
}
/// Resumes the primary thread on the process.
/// The running process.
public static void ResumePrimaryThread(this Process process)
{
using var hTh = OpenThread((uint)ThreadAccess.THREAD_RESUME, true, (uint)process.Threads[0].Id);
ResumeThread(hTh);
}
/// Sets information for the specified process.
/// Type of the value to set.
///
/// A handle to the process. This handle must have the PROCESS_SET_INFORMATION access right. For more information, see
/// Process Security and Access Rights.
///
/// An object used to set information.
///
/// If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
/// If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.
///
public static bool SetInformation(this Process process, in T value) where T : struct
{
if (!CorrespondingTypeAttribute.CanSet(out var ProcessInformationClass))
throw new ArgumentException("The type specified by the type parameter cannot be retrieved for a process.", nameof(T));
return SetProcessInformation(process, ProcessInformationClass, value);
}
/// Extension method to start a process with extra flags.
/// The process to start.
/// The process flags.
/// if successful.
///
/// Process.StartEx cannot be used when StartInfo.UseShellExecute is true. or File name is missing. or StandardOutputEncoding not
/// allowed or StandardErrorEncoding not allowed
///
/// Can't set duplicate password
public static bool StartEx(this Process process, CREATE_PROCESS flags)
{
var startInfo = process.StartInfo;
if (startInfo.UseShellExecute)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Process.StartEx cannot be used when StartInfo.UseShellExecute is true.");
if (startInfo.FileName.Length == 0)
throw new InvalidOperationException("File name is missing.");
process.Close();
if (startInfo.StandardOutputEncoding != null && !startInfo.RedirectStandardOutput)
throw new InvalidOperationException("StandardOutputEncoding not allowed");
if (startInfo.StandardErrorEncoding != null && !startInfo.RedirectStandardError)
throw new InvalidOperationException("StandardErrorEncoding not allowed");
// TODO: Cannot start a new process and store its handle if the object has been disposed, since finalization has been suppressed.
// if (process.disposed) throw new ObjectDisposedException(GetType().Name);
var commandLine = new StringBuilder(string.Concat(PathEx.QuoteIfHasSpaces(startInfo.FileName), string.IsNullOrEmpty(startInfo.Arguments) ? "" : " " + startInfo.Arguments));
var startupInfo = STARTUPINFO.Default;
bool retVal;
Win32Error errorCode = 0;
// handles used in parent process
SafeHPIPE standardInputWritePipeHandle = null, standardOutputReadPipeHandle = null, standardErrorReadPipeHandle = null, hStdInput = null, hStdOutput = null, hStdError = null;
// set up the streams
if (startInfo.RedirectStandardInput || startInfo.RedirectStandardOutput || startInfo.RedirectStandardError)
{
if (startInfo.RedirectStandardInput)
{
CreatePipe(out standardInputWritePipeHandle, out hStdInput, new SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES(), 0);
startupInfo.hStdInput = hStdInput;
}
else
{
startupInfo.hStdInput = (IntPtr)GetStdHandle(StdHandleType.STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
}
if (startInfo.RedirectStandardOutput)
{
CreatePipe(out standardOutputReadPipeHandle, out hStdOutput, new SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES(), 0);
startupInfo.hStdOutput = hStdOutput;
}
else
{
startupInfo.hStdOutput = (IntPtr)GetStdHandle(StdHandleType.STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
}
if (startInfo.RedirectStandardError)
{
CreatePipe(out standardErrorReadPipeHandle, out hStdError, new SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES(), 0);
startupInfo.hStdError = hStdError;
}
else
{
startupInfo.hStdError = (IntPtr)GetStdHandle(StdHandleType.STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
}
startupInfo.dwFlags = STARTF.STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
}
// set up the creation flags paramater
var creationFlags = flags;
if (startInfo.CreateNoWindow) creationFlags |= CREATE_PROCESS.CREATE_NO_WINDOW;
var workingDirectory = startInfo.WorkingDirectory;
if (workingDirectory == string.Empty)
workingDirectory = Environment.CurrentDirectory;
SafePROCESS_INFORMATION processInfo;
if (startInfo.UserName.Length != 0)
{
if (startInfo.Password != null)
throw new ArgumentException("Can't set duplicate password");
ProcessLogonFlags logonFlags = 0;
if (startInfo.LoadUserProfile)
logonFlags = ProcessLogonFlags.LOGON_WITH_PROFILE;
using var password = startInfo.Password != null ? new SafeCoTaskMemString(startInfo.Password) : new SafeCoTaskMemString(string.Empty);
System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.PrepareConstrainedRegions();
try { }
finally
{
retVal = CreateProcessWithLogonW(
startInfo.UserName,
startInfo.Domain,
password,
logonFlags,
null, // we don't need this since all the info is in commandLine
commandLine,
creationFlags,
startInfo.EnvironmentVariables?.Cast().Select(e => $"{e.Key}={e.Value}").ToArray(),
workingDirectory,
startupInfo, // pointer to STARTUPINFO
out processInfo); // pointer to PROCESS_INFORMATION
if (!retVal)
errorCode = Win32Error.GetLastError();
}
if (!retVal)
{
if (errorCode == Win32Error.ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT || errorCode == Win32Error.ERROR_EXE_MACHINE_TYPE_MISMATCH)
throw errorCode.GetException("Invalid application");
throw errorCode.GetException();
}
}
else
{
System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.PrepareConstrainedRegions();
try { }
finally
{
retVal = CreateProcess(
null, // we don't need this since all the info is in commandLine
commandLine, // pointer to the command line string
null, // pointer to process security attributes, we don't need to inheriat the handle
null, // pointer to thread security attributes
true, // handle inheritance flag
creationFlags, // creation flags
startInfo.EnvironmentVariables?.Cast().Select(e => $"{e.Key}={e.Value}").ToArray(),
workingDirectory, // pointer to current directory name
startupInfo, // pointer to STARTUPINFO
out processInfo); // pointer to PROCESS_INFORMATION
if (!retVal)
errorCode = Win32Error.GetLastError();
}
if (!retVal)
{
if (errorCode == Win32Error.ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT || errorCode == Win32Error.ERROR_EXE_MACHINE_TYPE_MISMATCH)
throw errorCode.GetException("Invalid application");
throw errorCode.GetException();
}
}
#pragma warning disable CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
if (startInfo.RedirectStandardInput)
{
var stdIn = new StreamWriter(new FileStream(standardInputWritePipeHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), System.IO.FileAccess.Write, false, 4096),
Console.InputEncoding, 4096) { AutoFlush = true };
process.SetFieldValue("standardInput", stdIn);
}
if (startInfo.RedirectStandardOutput)
{
var enc = startInfo.StandardOutputEncoding ?? Console.OutputEncoding;
var stdOut = new StreamReader(new FileStream(standardOutputReadPipeHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), System.IO.FileAccess.Read, false, 4096), enc, true, 4096);
process.SetFieldValue("standardOutput", stdOut);
}
if (startInfo.RedirectStandardError)
{
var enc = startInfo.StandardErrorEncoding ?? Console.OutputEncoding;
var stdErr = new StreamReader(new FileStream(standardErrorReadPipeHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), System.IO.FileAccess.Read, false, 4096), enc, true, 4096);
process.SetFieldValue("standardError", stdErr);
}
#pragma warning restore CS0618 // Type or member is obsolete
if (!processInfo.hProcess.IsInvalid)
{
//process.InvokeMethod("SetProcessHandle", new Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles.SafeProcessHandle(processInfo.hProcess.Duplicate(), true));
process.InvokeMethod("SetProcessId", (int)processInfo.dwProcessId);
var h = process.Handle;
return true;
}
return false;
}
///
/// Writes data to an area of memory in a specified process. The entire area to be written to must be accessible or the operation fails.
///
/// The process memory to be modified.
///
/// The base address in the specified process to which data is written. Before data transfer occurs, the system verifies that all
/// data in the base address and memory of the specified size is accessible for write access, and if it is not accessible, the
/// function fails.
///
/// A pointer to the buffer that contains data to be written in the address space of the specified process.
/// The number of bytes to be written to the specified process.
/// The number of bytes transferred into the specified process.
public static SizeT WriteMemory(this Process process, IntPtr baseAddress, IntPtr buffer, SizeT bufferSize)
{
Win32Error.ThrowLastErrorIfFalse(WriteProcessMemory(process, baseAddress, buffer, bufferSize, out var written));
return written;
}
///
/// Writes data to an area of memory in a specified process. The entire area to be written to must be accessible or the operation fails.
///
/// The process memory to be modified.
///
/// The base address in the specified process to which data is written. Before data transfer occurs, the system verifies that all
/// data in the base address and memory of the specified size is accessible for write access, and if it is not accessible, the
/// function fails.
///
/// A pointer to the buffer that contains data to be written in the address space of the specified process.
/// The number of bytes transferred into the specified process.
public static SizeT WriteMemory(this Process process, IntPtr baseAddress, byte[] buffer)
{
Win32Error.ThrowLastErrorIfFalse(WriteProcessMemory(process, baseAddress, buffer, buffer.Length, out var written));
return written;
}
private static IEnumerable GetChildProcesses(int pid, Dictionary>> allProcs, string machineName, bool allChildren = true)
{
if (allProcs == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(allProcs));
foreach (var val in allProcs[pid])
{
var cpid = val.Item1;
if (allChildren && allProcs.ContainsKey(cpid))
foreach (var cval in GetChildProcesses(cpid, allProcs, machineName))
yield return cval;
Process retProc = null;
try { retProc = Process.GetProcessById(cpid, machineName); } catch { }
if (retProc != null) yield return retProc;
}
}
private static SizeT ReadToMem(Process proc, IntPtr baseAddress, SafeMemoryHandle mem)
{
bool ret;
if ((ret = ReadProcessMemory(proc, baseAddress, mem, mem.Size, out var req)) == false && req > mem.Size)
{
mem.Size = req;
ret = ReadProcessMemory(proc, baseAddress, mem, mem.Size, out req);
}
if (!ret) Win32Error.ThrowLastError();
return req;
}
}
}